In C++, operators are symbols used to perform operations on data. There are various types of operators in C++, and they serve different purposes.
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used for basic mathematical operations.
int a = 10, b = 5;
int sum = a + b; // Addition
int difference = a - b; // Subtraction
int product = a * b; // Multiplication
int quotient = a / b; // Division
int remainder = a % b; // Modulus (remainder)
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values.
int x = 10, y = 20;
bool isEqual = (x == y); // Equal to
bool isNotEqual = (x != y); // Not equal to
bool isGreater = (x > y); // Greater than
bool isLess = (x < y); // Less than
bool isGreaterOrEqual = (x >= y); // Greater than or equal to
bool isLessOrEqual = (x <= y); // Less than or equal to
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations.
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
int num = 10;
num += 5; // Equivalent to num = num + 5
num -= 2; // Equivalent to num = num - 2
num *= 3; // Equivalent to num = num * 3
num /= 2; // Equivalent to num = num / 2
Increment and Decrement Operators
Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are used to increase or decrease a variable by one.
int count = 5;
count++; // Increment by 1
count--; // Decrement by 1
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to manipulate individual bits in binary representations of numbers.
int a = 5, b = 3;
int bitwiseAnd = a & b; // Bitwise AND
int bitwiseOr = a b; // Bitwise OR
int bitwiseXor = a ^ b; // Bitwise XOR
int bitwiseNotA = ~a; // Bitwise NOT
int leftShift = a << 2; // Left shift (a << 2 is equivalent to a * 4)
int rightShift = a >> 1; // Right shift (a >> 1 is equivalent to a / 2)
Conclusion
C++ operators are symbols used to perform a wide range of operations on data. They include arithmetic operators for mathematical calculations, comparison operators for comparing values, logical operators for boolean logic, assignment operators for variable assignment, and bitwise operators for manipulating individual bits. Understanding and using these operators is essential for performing diverse operations in C++ programming.